Databases
Bank Data

Lexical databases

Comparative historical database of Enggano lexical resources

• Work by Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg, also hosted on the @engganolang GitHub repository:
  • Kähler's (1987) Enggano-German digitised dictionary is now online as a Shiny web app (R code file), and the underlying data is available open-access here (v0.0.2) in a tabular format in three different file types: .rds (R data file), .csv, and .tsv (tab-separated value); a description of the table columns is available in this README file. For more information, see the Enggano Dictionary by Hans Kähler entry on our Previous Work page.
  • EnoLEX: A diachronic lexical database of the Enggano language. This Shiny web application serves the updated content of the Enggano etymological database. Users can read the "How to get started" section in the app to browse EnoLEX’s content interactively. The source R codes and related materials are available via this GitHub repository and at https://doi.org/10.25446/oxford.28282946.v1. The database was presented at AsiaLex 2024 (see here for the slides and the conference paper; please note that the planned interface prototype in the conference paper [Section 5] has changed, and the current interface is the active one; this is mentioned as a "Note" in the description. However, the other parts of the conference paper [Sections 1-4] stay the same).
  • Helfrich’s (1916) Enggano-Dutch word list. Available open-access here (v0.1.1) (the main form table is now searchable here, consisting of the Dutch and English glosses, with standardised and IPA transcription columns [with segmentations]). Further aspects to develop are mentioned here. For more information, see the Helfrich entry on our Previous Work page.
  • Digitised, searchable version of the Holle List. 2023. Also available as GitHub, Zenodo, ORA repositories. For more information, see the Holle List entry in our Previous Work page.
  • CLDF dataset of the Enggano word list from 1895 in Stokhof and Almanar's (1987) Holle List. Also available as GitHub, Zenodo, ORA repositories.
• Our Enggano etymological database by Daniel Krauße, Erik Zobel and Bernd Nothofer, Frankfurt, 2022-2024, was compiled from all historical wordlists of Enggano since the 19th century. The database is also accessible at https://doi.org/10.25446/oxford.28295648.v1. From the full database, we have extracted the following resources:
  • List of lexical attestations, sorted by English and Indonesian.
  • List of Enggano sound correspondences with Proto-Austronesian (PAN), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) and examples, sorted by PAN and Enggano.
  • List of Enggano Etymologies with their reconstructions for Proto-Austronesian (PAN) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP), sorted by English gloss and Kähler lexeme.
  • List of Enggano loanwords, sorted by Enggano lexeme, English gloss, donor lexeme, and donor language.
• Daniel Krauße's analysis of Walland's wordlist “Het Eiland Engano” includes the original lexemes, contemporary correspondences and etymological notes. For more information, see the Walland entry in our Previous Work page.

Contemporary Enggano lexical resources

• Work by Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg, also hosted on the @engganolang GitHub repository:
  • Enggano Flora and Fauna Lexicon dataset (Wijaya, Rajeg & Sangian 2024) is now available on Oxford SDS and Zenodo via GitHub. The data are in four formats (.csv, .rds, .tsv, and .xlsx).
  • Source R codes and dataset to transform the Contemporary FLEx database into (i) Standard Format Marker to be-reimported into FLEx for producing the print dictionary, and (ii) spreadsheet for the digital dictionary, available at https://doi.org/10.25446/oxford.28229732.v1,
  • R codes to create a derived data set (in a table format) from the FLEx database of the print dictionary, available at https://doi.org/10.25446/oxford.28151390.v1.

Text analyses

Texts collected by O. L. Helfrich

We have produced morphosyntactic analysis of the texts collected by O. L. Helfrich in the late eighteenth century. The analyses were produced by Mary Dalrymple and Charlotte Hemmings, using SIL's FieldWorks (FLEx) tools. We also make available the FLEx backup file which produced these analyses.

• Phrases
• Riddles
• Ekoedaäjo ekoanoe kipahóna hi ekaka/Story of a rat who had sexual intercourse with two girls
• Ekoedaäjo epoeroehi Kamoeki Kapo ikanaja aona/Story of a harrier, that devoured children
• Ekoedaäjo ekooaha ediho/Story about the origin of earthquakes
• Eahhadia bemanio Doepaoba ekoeroe Koma/Why Cape Koma is (also) called Doepaoba
• Epakodai ekohha eapita ekoko hi edahaijo/Story about the origin of the sea turtle, the shrimp, the ray and the iguana
• Ekoedaäjo epaeëi oeapoe hi ekaka/Story of a serpent who had sexual intercourse with a person
• Ekoedaäjo ekaka edikodo moenia/Story of a munia who swallows a person
• Ekoedaäjo ehöda kahai kanio Badikokaebo/Story about the woman Badikokaebo
• Ekoedaäjo epakodai edahauhoe/Story about the origin of lightning and thunder

Texts collected by Hans Kähler

We have produced morphosyntactic analyses of the texts collected by Hans Kähler during his visit to Enggano Island in the 1930s, and of the examples in his grammar. The analyses were produced by Mary Dalrymple and Charlotte Hemmings, using SIL's FieldWorks (FLEx) tools. We also make available the FLEx backup file which produced these analyses.

• Example sentences from Kähler's Grammatischer Abriss des Enggano.
• Afrika und Übersee 39 (1955): 89--94.
• Afrika und Übersee 41 (1957): 153--156.
• Afrika und Übersee 42 (1958): 179--189.
• Afrika und Übersee 43 (1960): 299--312.
• Afrika und Übersee 44 (1960): 41--71.
• Afrika und Übersee 45 (1961): 205--225.
• Afrika und Übersee 46 (1962): 127--145.
• Afrika und Übersee 48 (1964): 46--58.
• Kähler, Hans. 1975, Texte von der Insel Enggano (Berichte über eine untergehende Kultur) [Texts from the Island of Enggano (Reports of a Declining Culture)/Teks dari Pulau Enggano (Laporan pada suatu Budaya yang terancam punah)]:
  • Bootsrennen [Boat Race/Balap perahu]
  • Damonen-Vorstellungen [Representations of Demons/Perwakilan dari Iblis]
  • Dorfleben [Village Life/Kehidupan desa]
  • Ermordung eines Fremden [Murder of a Stranger/Pembunuhan Orang Asing]
  • Heiratsvorschriften [Marriage Decrees/Keputusan Pernikahan]
  • Kinderverlobnis [Child Engagement/Keterlibatan Anak ]
  • Krieg [War/Perang]
  • Mitgift: Besitzverteilung im Falle des Todes oder der Trennung [Dowry: Distribution of property in the case of Death or Separation/Mahar: Pembagian harta dalam kasus Kematian atau Perpisahan]
  • Rechtsprechung [Legal Practice/Praktek Hukum ]
  • Tod [Death/Kematian]
  • Unterweisung der Jugend: Hochzeits vorbereitungen [Instruction of Youth: Marriage Preparations/Instruksi untuk kaum muda: Persiapan Pernikahan]

Main sections

• Home/ Beranda
• Recordings and their transcriptions and translations/ Rekaman dan transkripsi serta terjemahannya
• Databases/ Bank Data
• Papers, presentations, and work in progress/ Makalah, presentasi dan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
• Previous and related work on Enggano/ Karya penelitian terkait dan terdahulu tentang Enggano
• Images of Enggano/ Foto-foto Pulau Enggano
• Outreach and training/ Pengabdian masyarakat dan pelatihan
• Enggano Keyboard for Keyman/ Keyboard Enggano untuk Keyman
• In Memoriam/ Dalam kenangan

Projects

• Enggano in the Austronesian family: Historical and typological perspectives/ Enggano dalam rumpun Austronesia: Perspektif sejarah dan tipologi
• Lexical resources for Enggano, a threatened language of Indonesia /Sumber daya leksikal untuk Enggano, suatu bahasa yang terancam di Indonesia

Investigators

• Prof. Mary Dalrymple, University of Oxford
• Prof. I Wayan Arka, Australian National University/Udayana University
• Prof. Bernd Nothofer, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
• Prof. Ketut Artawa, Udayana University
• Dr. Charlotte Hemmings, University of Oxford
• Dr. Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg, University of Oxford/Udayana University
• Dr. Arono, University of Bengkulu and Australian National University
• Mr. Dendi Wijaya SPd MHum, BRIN
• Mr. I Komang Sumaryana Putra, Udayana University
• Mr. Erik Zobel, independent researcher/peneliti independen
• Dr. Daniel Krauße, CNRS-Lattice, ENS - Universitè Sorbonne nouvelle
• Dr. Sarah Ogilvie, University of Oxford
• Prof. Cokorda Rai Adi Pramartha, Udayana University
• Dr. Yishan Huang, Australian National University

Consultants

• Mr. Engga Zakaria, student/mahasiswa, Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu
• Ms. Fitri Yunita, teacher/guru, Enggano
• Mr. Afrizon Rafles, banker/bankir, Bank Bengkulu

Supported By

• 
  BRIN (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional), 2022-
• 
  Kantor Bahasa Bengkulu, 2020-
• 
  Arts and Humanities Research Council, 2019-2024, 2022-2024
• 
  Endangered Language Fund, 2018-19
• 
  John Fell Fund, 2018-19

• Photos by/Foto oleh I Wayan Arka, Dendi Wijaya, Engga Zakaria, and Ken Kahn

© University of Oxford 2020-2025